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For me, Woods — with his passion for performance, mastery of mind and will to win — was the ideal athlete to cover.
Factor analytic results supported the convergent and discriminant validity of five latent dimensions: performance, mastery, self-doubt, effort, and intellectual investment.
The most direct and effective way to enhance self-efficacy is through performance mastery experiences.
"Personal performance mastery experiences" are thought to be among the most direct and powerful factors affecting self-efficacy (Bandura 1997).
Several publications investigating the effect of resuscitation training demonstrated a positive enhancement of self-efficacy through personal performance mastery experience, observational learning, verbal persuasion and attention to the affective state of participants [ 40- 42].
Research has shown that self-efficacy can be reinforced via a range of information sources, including performance mastery, verbal persuasion and social influence, vicarious learning, and emotional arousal [ 15], and studies show that self-management programs incorporating these strategies produce more favourable physical health outcomes [ 45, 46].
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Like speech, the exquisite precision of trained performance and mastery of an instrument does not lead to an exactly repeatable performed musical surface with respect to note timings and other parameters.
The nightclub audience, Capote included, holds its breath: are they witnessing something excruciating and real, or a performance whose mastery resides in its perfect mimicry of authentic, uncontrollable emotion?
The study was based on Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy information: past performance or mastery experiences, vicarious experiences of observing the experiences of others, social feedback and affective states.
I also found that foregrounding the development of skills, rather than the performance of mastery, defused some of the anxiety around grades; students saw the task not as one of writing the "perfect" paper, but of honing their analytical voice — something that would require their commitment and that my feedback was designed to support.
In educational settings, the distinction between performance and mastery goal orientation has received considerable attention (Maehr and Zusho 2009).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com