The main surgical complications were: major bleeding (1), rectal perforation (1), ureter lesion (1).
Patients with stage III colon cancer and patients with stage II colon cancer that showed features associated with unfavorable outcome, such as inadequately sampled nodes, T4 lesions, perforation, or poorly differentiated histology, were considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.
The only absolute contraindications are perforation, distal rectal lesions (where a healthy landing zone above the anal sphincter mechanism cannot be obtained) and obstruction involving multiple sites, (most commonly found with pelvic cancers, serosal metastases and lymphadenopathy).
The obvious relationship between the lesions of postoperative epithelial pearls and the original lesions of perforation suggests that the epithelial pearls arose from the residual epithelium at the dissected perforation margin, although the possibility that pearl formation is caused by regenerative therapy cannot be excluded.
However, the lesions of postoperative epithelial pearls have an obvious relationship to the original lesions of perforation (Table 1).
A solution of 0.4% SH, which is highly viscoelastic, provided sufficient formation and maintenance of lifted lesions, prevented perforation and facilitated safer and more complete procedures.
Symptoms and signs such as nose ulceration, eschar of the nasal mucosa, black necrotic lesions, and perforation of the hard palate are more specific, but these findings are present only at an advanced stage.
We placed 4 to 5 hemoclips on the folds around the ligation band to reduce tension of the gastric wall and hoped this would be sufficient to delay the exfoliation of lesions, since perforation could be avoided when adhesion occurred ahead of exfoliation.
All 150 placement procedures were successful, no complications of bleeding >200 ml, bladder lesions, perforations, penetrations, protrusions, hematomas or bladder outlet obstructions were reported during the study.
