Plant species richness in the perennial fallows correlated positively with the parcel size (through increased within-field diversity) and age, and variation in the sward height.
The results of these statistical analyses suggested the need to group some LULC types and the application of the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) for supervised classification provided a LULC map with the highest accuracy (81%) after consolidation of perennial LULC types, such as bush fallow, forest fallow and cocoa plantations.
Tree and herb species composition in the fallows separated into two clusters, one belonging to MS and the other to SP. Pioneer and late-successional TMCF tree species were distinctive of MS fallows, whereas native perennial grass and forb species were distinctive of SP fallows.
Sites represented a variety of land use types: forests, fallows, annual or perennial crops, and pastures.
Six five-year crop rotation types were identified: cereal species monoculture, cereal monoculture, rotation with a break-crop, diverse crop rotation, perennial, non-permanent grassland rotation and environmental fallow rotation.
For example, adapting crop rotations to include more perennial crops, thereby avoiding use of bare and fallow land, reduces greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by accumulating soil carbon stocks [3].
During the dry season, the wind direction was mainly North-East and the daytime fluxes measurements were impacted primarily by the degraded woodland surroundings (71%%) and by a few perennial herbs (mostly C4 plants), bare soil and fallow (29 %).
perennial (grassland), annual (arable), and no-plant control (bare fallow), associated with two contrasting soil textures (clayey and sandy).
In landscapes with high grassland cover, the breeding density of open farmland birds was higher in meadow fallows than in grassland fallows, while the reverse was true in landscapes with low perennial grassland cover.
The distribution of the host species showing virus selectivity was not related to taxonomy, habitat (fallow fields, edges or wastelands), seasonality or vegetative cycle (annual vs. perennial) (not shown).
