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Few studies have examined how the process of care influences patients' perception of outcome.
Clear evidence suggests that patients' baseline levels of pain and function are highly correlated with their perception of outcome [ 23].
Marrying of expectations and resultant perception of outcome has been suggested as a model for understanding satisfaction response in the marketing literature.
A hip-specific anchor question describing the patients' perception of outcome after surgery was used: "How would you describe the result of your operation?" There were 5 response options: "Excellent", "Very good", "Good", "Fair", and "Poor".
A recent (2011) Cochrane review of 86 studies [ 14] found that relative to routine health professional counseling, PtDAs improve patients' knowledge of treatment options and perception of outcome probabilities, as well as their level of involvement in shared decision making.
For example, less pain, better function, being able to work and no recurrent complaints were considered 'better' and more pain, more disability and worse (perception of) outcome as 'poorer'poorer
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This study was conducted in Turkish female patients to investigate their preoperative concerns, motivation, expectations, preoperative preparation for surgery and perception of outcomes concerning orthognathic surgery.
The results regarding hypotheses 3 and 4 deliver a mixed picture: while anticipated outcome significantly effects the post hoc perception of agency, the effect of anticipated agency on the post hoc perception of outcomes remains not significant.
This does not imply inconsistency, as short term gains in satisfaction probably reflect differences in process, while medium term gains in quality of life reflect patients' perception of outcomes, perhaps in the form of the accuracy of the procedure and their confidence in the results.
The central importance of having a participant-reported outcome measure for this pragmatic trial means that perceptions of outcome may be open to bias.
Decision aids were superior to comparison interventions in improving: knowledge of the facts and options; realistic perceptions of outcome probabilities; and agreement between patients' values and choice.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com