Meanwhile, Sarkozy's perceived vulnerability has made the race for the French presidency extremely fluid.
Algorithms act as moral thermometers, sifting survey data to rank unhoused people based on their perceived vulnerability.
This study assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent and predictive validity of the perceived vulnerability scale (PVS), a new 22-item measure designed to assess individual differences in perceived vulnerability to aging-related outcomes in older adults.
Affective-cognitive concerns about cancer (worry, fear, and perceived vulnerability) were rated using a 10-point Likert scale.
Results suggest that the PVS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing perceived vulnerability in older adults.
Concurrent validity analyses showed that perceived vulnerability was associated with higher levels of trait anxiety and perceived stress.
But despite Mr. Torricelli's low approval ratings and perceived vulnerability, none of the Republican hopefuls have been able to light a fire under their candidacies.
It's not just Obama's perceived vulnerability – borne out in numerous polls showing Republicans steadily gaining strength since the midterms – that's driving Trump's presidential ambitions, though.
Yet the French-Russian agreement and Britain's move away from "splendid isolation" were driven by perceived vulnerability, including fears of Germany.
Moreover, similar effects were demonstrated when researchers increased individuals' perceived vulnerability to disease (for example, by showing them pictures of a woman battling cartoon germs in a kitchen).
And for private schools, taking advantage of the perceived vulnerability of public schools is a chance to shore up their own battered finances.
