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There was significant overlap in factors associated with perceived controllable lifestyle (CL) specialties, a finding similar to studies from the U.S.A.
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Even when locus of control for a cause is internal (e.g., effort), this does not mean the cause is perceived as controllable (Weiner, 1985).
Negative images were least controllable, as opposed to positive images which were perceived as mostly controllable.
Also, Europe is worried about conflicts within and near its borders which makes it to be perceived as a controllable far-off conflict.
ID-images were perceived as more controllable than negative images (M = 53.6, SD = 32.5).
Conversely, conditions viewed as genetic can be perceived as less controllable and less responsive to behavioral changes, but more responsive to biologically-based therapies such as lipid lowering medication.
On a scale ranging from 0 to 100, positive images were perceived as mostly controllable (M = 72.9, SD = 28.4) and negative images as relatively uncontrollable (M = 31.9, SD = 28.6).
Another issue is that individuals tend to employ problem-focused coping when appraising a situation as changeable, while stressors that are perceived as less controllable prompt more emotion-focused focusing [ 9].
28 This concern arises from the observation that diseases considered to have a genetic basis are perceived as less controllable, 29 and as such genetic risk assessments may engender a fatalistic response in those receiving higher risk estimates or readily provide false reassurance in those receiving lower risk estimates.
Patients with lung cancer report feeling particularly stigmatised because of the association with a behaviour (smoking) that is perceived to be personally controllable.
It is possible that breastfeeding is perceived to be less personally controllable than, for example, smoking.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com