Interval-based reinforcement schedules have a low perceived action-outcome contingency and have been demonstrated to engage both DMS and DLS neurons.
He objected to the pervasive influence of the natural sciences and developed a philosophy of life that perceived man in his historical contingency and changeability.
If an act is vicious, its viciousness is a matter of the human response (given a corrected perspective) to the act (or its perceived effects) and thus has a kind of contingency that seems unsettling, certainly unsettling to those who opted for the theological option.
Taken together, our findings appear to be consistent with the hypothesis that vibration feedback supplied a cue that tended to increase perceived displacement during stepping, due to a sensorimotor contingency similar to that experienced when stepping on a natural material (e.g., snow, gravel) or displacing a mechanism with friction (e.g., a pedal or slider).
Ortega perceived the reality and the fact of death as essential in revealing the very essence and contingency of the individual's being, which resembles similar views expressed by Heidegger.
Practice managers perceived reductions in work stress from fewer patient complaints, better use of time, and greater flexibility for contingency planning.
A contingency capability appraisal system should be created based on each area's industrial explosion threats, the perceived vulnerability of its public service systems (for example, water supply system) and existing or proposed emergency management skills.
Next, we conducted bivariate analyses to determine associations between individual characteristics and use or perceived helpfulness of cessation methods, using chi-squared tests or Fisher's Exact test (for two-by-two contingency tables), and assessing linear trend for age.
Data show that the perceived effectiveness was positively related to the number of times patients have fictively taken the painkiller (p<.01) and not to its actual contingency (i.e., actual effectiveness).
