We find that, when the boss is fewer than five promotions away, for each 10% increase in the perceived salary of the boss, employees spend 4.3% more hours in the office, send 1.85% more emails, and sell 4.4% more.
For every 1% higher in the perceived salary of a manager, employees clocked 0.15% more hours.
It can also poison a professional relationship, if an employee perceives a salary discrepancy.
Other contributing factors include the disproportionate representation of women (and women of color) in lower-paying jobs, the way women approach and are perceived during salary negotiations, and plain-old gender discrimination.
Another explanation for the tolerant attitude towards informal payments observed in Group 1 is the perceived low salary of the health care personnel, which according to the Group might legitimate the existence of informal payments.
According to data from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity, only 48% of OCD patients perceived a salary, 16% were unemployed and 36% were financially inactive [ 9]. 3% of non-institutionalised OCD patients have never had a job, suggesting an even earlier onset of the disorder.
So some parents who pay a full-time caregiver's salary perceive an acute unfairness in having to withhold for not only their full-time nanny, but also for a more casual sitter.
Nurses in this study perceived their salaries to be inadequate, thus often worked overtime on their days off so as to add to their existing salary.
The results suggest that factors promoting informal payments in Albania include perceived low salaries of health staff; a belief that good health is worth any price; the desire to get better service; the fear of being denied treatment; and the tradition of giving a gift to express gratitude.
