However, the bulk of the world's staple foods are wind-pollinated, self-pollinated or propagated vegetatively, and there is a bias where values ascribed to insect pollination come from high-value per unit crops (i.e. fruits, nuts, hybrid seed, and intermediate goods for the livestock and dairy industries) [1], [3], [8].
Consequently, the fertilizer intensity and resulting N2O emissions per unit of crop harvested are higher for GS.
Production cost (per unit input).
Prior to deploying INGARD®, it was established that some crops produced more Helicoverpa moths per unit area of crop than others (Baker et al. 2008).
Cotton, sunflower seed, melons and hot pepper had significantly higher crop production values per unit water than other crops, 0.39 $m−3 ,0.36 $m−3 , 0.32 $m−3 and0.31 $m−3 ,−3, respectively.
"Full irrigation" treatments achieved the highest yield, quality, and profitability per unit of the cropped area, while ORDI increased the water productivity and reached the highest profitability per unit of volume of irrigation water supplied to the crop (average up to 12.26 €m−33 for the "0.6 ORDI" treatment vs. 8.38 €m−33 for the "full irrigation").
These results were derived by taking the direct energy requirements (per unit of the different crop and animal enterprises), multiplying these by the observed crop production areas and livestock numbers and aggregating to the national level [50].
Most importantly, we found differences between East and West Germany in terms of input/output efficiency, particularly the amount of crop harvest per unit of nitrogen inputs (i.e., nitrogen productivity, Fig. 6g) or the amount of harvest per agricultural worker (agricultural labor efficiency, Fig. 6h).
The relationship between florets per unit area and the crop N content at 2 weeks before anthesis differed considerably among cultivars, and floret production efficiency per unit N in each cultivar was affected by FPB.
We consider scientific selection in the modern era to be artificial because it does not increase individual fitness but, rather, increases the productivity of the crop per unit area.
