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Secondary outcome: Table 3 shows that there were no significant associations of readiness, importance, or confidence with number of cigarettes smoked per smoking day at follow-up.
Nevertheless, the measure of effect suggests a dose response relationship between confidence and number of cigarettes smoked per smoking day, even if the association failed to reach statistical significance.
Secondary outcomes: the number of drinks per week, the number of binge drinking episodes per month and the number of cigarettes smoked per smoking day were analyzed using negative binomial regression models (NBRM) to assess their relationship to each behavior change construct.
Subjects who were not followed up did not differ from those who were with respect to baseline alcohol use (mean number of drinks per week, mean number of binge drinking episodes per month), smoking (mean number of cigarettes smoked per smoking day), or behavior change (readiness, importance, confidence) constructs (p > 0.10 for all measures).
Beta-value distributions of significant CpG sites per smoking category.
Table S2 in the Additional file 1 shows average annual direct medical, indirect and total costs per smoking group.
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Specifically, the cigarettes-per-day smoking increment indicator variables (for current and previous smokers) were each replaced by three variables that indicated the specific cigarettes-per-day increments for three smoking durations: < 30 years, 30 39 years, and ≥ 40 years.
Secondary outcomes included number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking abstinence self-efficacy, and nicotine withdrawal.
Smoking was assessed by the question "How many cigarettes, cigars or pipefuls do you smoke per day?" Smoking at least once a day was dichotomised as regular smoking.
The questionnaires include questions related to tobacco consumption, such as the number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking behaviors, withdrawal symptoms, previous attempts to quit, and experiences.
To compare: Average person's exposure: 2.4 mSv per year Nuclear industry worker limit: 20 mSv per year Smoking 1.5 packs a day: 13 mSv per year Flight crew working New York-to-Tokyo route: 9 mSv per year Cosmic rays:.24 mSv per year Chest x-ray:.04 mSv per single dose Living near Chernobylat time of meltdown: 450 mSv cumulative avg.
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