per reference

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "per reference" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used in formal or technical contexts to indicate that something is being done according to a specific reference or source. Example: "The calculations were performed per reference 12345 to ensure accuracy."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

38 human-written examples

We also charge £30 per reference.

The Guardian - Opinion

OpenRent, for example, charges £20 per reference conducted, and it says not all landlords insist on referencing.

The Guardian - Money

We also show that in all fields the numbers of sentences, references, and in-text mentions per article have increased over time, and that there are field-level and temporal differences in the numbers of in-text mentions per reference.

Journal of Informetrics

The red line in Fig. 8 visualizes the number of cited references per reference publication year.

Journal of Cheminformatics

Nine items originated from database searches, one was added per author's knowledge [21], and none per reference lists review (Fig. 2).

Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Besides the fast and large-scale detection of RNA editing sites, NGS technology has provided depth of coverage (DOC) per reference nucleotide and qualities of base call.

Botanical Studies

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

22 human-written examples

Gene expression values defined as a sample-per-reference ratio [42] were normalized by Loess and quantile methods across all samples [43], [44] and log2 transformed.

Plosone

It is demonstrated that the obtained results are in the range of one neutronic node-per-assembly and one T-H cell-per-assembly reference results.

Annals of Nuclear Energy

We used seven existing instruments (as per references) to ensure comprehensive coverage of items and then added items that were relatively unique to our study population (eg, food bank service use).

BMJ Open

Finally, a novel method of spatial upscaling of a tree-based interception loss into plot- and catchment-scale, using per-species, reference tree interception loss and object-attributes derived from satellite imagery, was proposed.

Journal of Hydrology

Machado, drafted by the Baltimore Orioles two spots behind Harper in 2010, has been one of baseball's best all-around players since debuting at Camden Yards on Aug. 9, 2012, amassing 175 home runs, four all-star appearances and two Gold Gloves (both as a third baseman) in parts of seven seasons while averaging 4.8 wins above replacement (per Baseball-Reference) per season.

The Washington Post

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "per reference" in technical writing, always cite the specific reference to ensure clarity and allow readers to verify the information.

Common error

Avoid using "per reference" without providing the actual reference. This can make your writing vague and difficult to verify.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "per reference" functions as a prepositional phrase, modifying a verb or noun to indicate that an action or measurement is performed in accordance with a specified reference. Ludwig AI confirms its correct usage.

Expression frequency: Uncommon

Frequent in

Science

70%

News & Media

30%

Formal & Business

0%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "per reference" is a grammatically correct and usable phrase that indicates something is being done according to a specific source. Ludwig AI confirms this. It is most commonly found in scientific and technical writing to ensure clarity and verifiability. While not as frequent as other phrases, such as "according to the reference", "per reference" serves a valuable purpose in formal communication. When using "per reference", always provide the specific citation to avoid ambiguity and enhance the credibility of your writing. Common errors involve omitting the specific reference, which should be avoided.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

according to the reference

Specifies alignment with a cited document or source.

as per the source

Indicates adherence to information from a specified source.

in relation to the reference

Positions the subject matter within the context of the reference.

with respect to the reference

Highlights the connection between the matter at hand and a reference point.

by way of reference

Introduces the topic by associating it to a particular reference.

in accordance with the reference

Implies compliance with the guidelines or data in the reference.

relative to the reference

Conveys that the information is being presented in relation to a standard or cited source.

based on the reference

Indicates that the statement or conclusion relies on information from the reference.

following the reference

Implies a step-by-step adaptation or copying from the reference document.

in the context of the reference

Highlights how a topic is understood when considering the reference material.

FAQs

How can I use "per reference" in a sentence?

Use "per reference" to indicate that something is done or calculated according to a specific source. For example, "The data was normalized "according to the reference" genome sequence".

What's a good alternative to "per reference"?

Alternatives include "according to the reference", "as per the source", or "in relation to the reference", depending on the context.

Is "per reference" formal or informal?

"Per reference" is generally considered formal and is best suited for technical, academic, or professional writing rather than casual conversation.

When should I use "per reference" instead of "according to"?

While both are similar, "per reference" is often used when specifically citing a standard, guideline, or protocol, whereas "according to" can be used more broadly for any source of information.