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Urbanization was based on the number of households per km2 per postal code area.
Information on socioeconomic status (SES, determined in 2006) per postal code area was obtained from the Social and Cultural Planning Office (SCP, http://www.scp.nl).scp.nl
The latter three measures were determined by proxy using 4-digit postal codes of the patients' home address (the population size is about 4,000 per postal code area) [ 15, 16].
The degree of urbanization of the patients' residence (five categories, based on population density per postal code area), obtained from Statistics Netherlands, was also linked to the database [ 26].
Education and household income were measured by linking the patient's postal code to 1996 census information on the proportion with a high school degree and mean family income in that neighborhood (approximately 366 households per postal code).
In January 2012, all patients from SGE with a recorded diagnosis of COPD (N = 1248) in their electronic medical record (EMR) and twice as many patients without COPD (N = 2466) received a questionnaire per postal mail and an enclosed form on which they could indicate if they were willing to participate in an interview.
Similar(52)
After calculating the average disposable income per person by postal code, postal codes were ranked by average income and then divided into 1000 income bands.
Distance from school was calculated using GIS, and the regression analysis was repeated for those students who lived within a 5 km direct distance of their school (N = 9 271), as per their home postal codes.
In order to relate the distribution of cases to the geographical distribution of the animal populations, maps illustrating the animal density per 3 digit postal code area were created.
This was measured by an existing area score based on mean income, percentage of households with a low income, percentage of inhabitants without a paid job, and percentage of households with only low education, per 4-digit postal code [ 11- 13].
Status scores per four-digit postal code were provided by the Netherlands Institute for Social Research, www.scp.nl based on (1) mean income, (2) percentage of households with a low income, (3) percentage of households with, on average, a low education, and (4) unemployment rate in 2010.
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