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Per interval, per capita rates of genus extinction for endemic and cosmopolitan genera also indicate differences in their sensitivity to regional environmental perturbations.
Geographic ranges were calculated on a per interval basis as the convex hull around PaleoDB occurrences of each genus (Fig. 1A) in North America and Europe.
There are two different types of output: one that provides information on a per interval basis and another that provides a summary over all intervals provided.
This research deals with the case where parameter estimation is required, but only observations of extreme values (i.e., the minimum observed value and/or the maximum observed value per interval) are available.
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves (= mericarps), separating from each other but generally +- persistent to central axis; ribs on halves 5, 2 marginal, 3 to back; oil tubes 1--several per interval between ribs.
Each node generates a data packet per interval time 1.0 s.
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Here we test the hypothesis that globally distributed taxa have different macroevolutionary responses to environmental change by comparing genus duration, per-interval geographic range size, and paleoenvironmental occupancy.
Our data do not support the dispersal buffering hypothesis; the per-interval recovery probabilities of cosmopolitan genera are consistently higher than endemics (Appendix S1; Fig. S3).
For each genus the total number of distinct paleoenvironment types was tabulated on both a per-interval, per-genus basis (Table 1) and the time-integrated range (Fig. 6A B).
We interpret the age-and-area relationship in terms of environmental breadth, as measured by the number of paleoenvironmental zones occupied [7] by genera both on a per-interval basis and across the lifetime of each genus.
Cosmopolitan genera also have wider geographic ranges within North America (Figs. 2B C, S1) and Europe (Figs. 3B, S1) than endemic genera, and this relationship persists on a per-interval basis throughout most of the Phanerozoic (Fig. 4).
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