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Lemma 3. Given a source string x, a target string y, If the cost of duplication is 1 per duplicate operation, and the cost of deletion is 1 per delete operation, then (x, y ) = d x, y ).
Controls lacking either cDNA or primers were included per duplicate.
By subtracting one representative per duplicate cluster, we estimated the overall duplicate rate for D.labrax to be 20.18%.
Measurements were again repeated on three randomly chosen cells per duplicate slide, thus giving a total of six measurements growth condition.
Briefly, aliquots of 200 μL of blood were added in a 96-well culture microplate and incubated with 25 μL of antigenic preparations per duplicate.
They analyzed expression patterns of 515 singletons and 1230 pairs of duplicate genes and found that the number of expression sites per duplicate pair was significantly greater than that per singleton gene.
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Samples of homogenate (20 μl) were mixed with 80 μl of extraction buffer (n=6 7 per group, duplicate samples) and analyzed as described earlier.
A polycistronic transcript of C19MC would hold several Alu elements, as three of four repeats per duplicated cassette are Alu elements.
However, there was also a recent study reported where duplicated genes actually had a higher proportion of AS and larger number of AS isoforms per duplicated locus in human [ 14].
The Y chromosome palindromes seem particularly prone to this type of events, as available data points to an estimate of 600 Y Y converted nucleotides per generation, reflecting a conversion rate of 2.8 × 10−4 per duplicated base per 25-year generation (Rozen et al., 2003).
The rate of Y Y gene conversion has been estimated to be 2 × 10−4 conversions per duplicated nucleotide per generation for multigene families lying within palindromes (Rozen et al. 2003), and we multiplied this number by the mean human Y gene size (∼2,000 bp, ENSEMBL GRcH37 for human data) to get a rate of gene conversion per gene (rGC) of 0.4.
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