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This method allows to user to control segmentation densities as well as cracks depth, which could be designed as per coating thickness and required application.
Polymer brush structures served as a flexible linker between HDPs and the surface while maximizing the density of peptides per coating [ 18].
For each coating category given in Table 6, coating companies supplied the amount sold and this was totalled by CEPE to allocate market share data per coating category per company supplying the data.
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For TMVLys-eAlk, the same reaction conditions as for CPMV were used, except 10 equiv of propargyl-NHS ester per coat protein were added.
For TMV-iAlk, 25 molar excess of propargylamine per coat protein was reacted using EDC coupling with 45 molar excess of both EDC and HOBt at a final concentration of 2 mg/mL TMV in HEPES buffer.
TMV-iAlk, TMV-eAlk, and TMVLys-eAlk were then mixed with sCy5 azide at molar excesses ranging from 0.2 to 6 dyes per coat protein for TMV-iAlk, 0.3 to 6 for TMV-eAlk, and 0.02 to 2 per coat protein for TMVLys-eAlk at final concentrations of 1 mg/mL TMV in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min on ice with 2 mM aminoguanidine, 2 mM ascorbic acid sodium salt, and 1 mM copper sulfate.
TMVLys-e-A488 used for stability studies through exposure to lysosomal extracts was synthesized via an overnight reaction using TMVLys and Alexa Fluor488 (A488) succinimidyl ester at a molar excess of 10 A488 per coat protein in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing 10% DMSO by volume.
In brief, 25 molar excess of propargylamine per coat protein was reacted using EDC coupling overnight to produce TMV-iAlk, 35 equiv of ethynylaniline diazonium salt was reacted for 30 min to yield TMV-eAlk, and 10 molar excess of NHS-alkyne was reacted overnight with TMVLys to form TMVLys-eAlk.
It is acknowledged that study design was not optimal due to limited biological replication because single pooled samples (n = 3 per coat color) were used in transcriptome sequencing analysis and the same three samples from white sheep skin and from black sheep skin were used individually for quantitative real time PCR validation of the sequencing results.
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