Sentence examples for pepper map from inspiring English sources

For example, when pepper MAP kinase in rice is overexpressed, the endogenous JA accumulation is increased three times and the phenotype of root inhibition is similar to those of wild-type rice treated with 10 μM JA (Lee and Back 2005).

The overexpression of pepper MAP kinase, which resulted in a high accumulation of JA, in transgenic rice inhibited seed germination (Lee and Back 2005) and the silencing of the rice Coronatine Insensitive 1 (OsCOI1) gene, a key component of a JA receptor, led to a faster germination compared with wild-type rice plants (Yang et al. 2012).

For example, the requirement of a uniform connectivity results in a 'salt and pepper' map as seen in rats, while a mixture of a Gaussian and a uniform distribution yields maps with the characteristic pinwheel structure seen in other species.

The FA population was derived from the same cross producing F2 individuals previously used to generate a 299 marker COSII pepper map that was aligned with tomato linkage groups (Wu et al. 2009).

Common pepper map markers, integrated maps, and syntenic relationships with tomato have been used to assemble multiple small groups into chromosomal linkage groups (Paran et al. 2004; Barchi et al. 2007; Mimura et al. 2012).

We analyzed synteny between each pepper map and the assembled genomes of pepper's close solanaceous relatives, tomato and potato (File S5, Table S13, Table S14, Table S15, Table S16, and Figure 9).

Most pepper maps to-date are primarily based on anonymous markers and thus difficult to compare in many cases.

Alignment of the FA and NM maps to both genomes was similar, demonstrating good concordance between both pepper maps and the tomato and potato genomes.

This also may explain the inability to map 30% of the NM polymorphic unigenes, a phenomenon common to previous pepper mapping efforts, particularly for intraspecific maps of C. annuum (Prince et al. 1993; Livingstone et al. 1999; Kang et al. 2001; Barchi et al. 2007).

In addition to the eight major translocations previously described (Tanksley et al. 1988; Livingstone et al. 1999; Wu et al. 2009; Wu and Tanksley 2010), there appears to be a translocation between the nonrecombining region on P4 and T11/S11 and possibly T12/S12 that has, to our knowledge, not been observed by syntenic analyses between pepper maps and tomato.

The haploid chromosome number for Capsicum is 12; however, when details have been reported for construction of pepper maps, de novo clustering of markers into 12 linkage groups has been rare, with upwards of 20 linkage groups being identified (Prince et al. 1993; Livingstone et al. 1999; Chaim et al. 2001; Lefebvre et al. 2002; Sugita et al. 2005; Barchi et al. 2007; Truong et al. 2010).