Exact(21)
Chemtura introduced Firemaster 550 in 2004 as a replacement for PentaBDE in polyurethane foam.
This observation suggests that TDCPP was being used as a FR at the same time as PentaBDE in residential furniture.
With the phase-out of PentaBDE in 2004, alternative flame retardants are being used in polyurethane foam to meet flammability standards.
This likely explains why the sum of TBB and TBPH is approximately 50% of the measured concentrations of TDCPP and PentaBDE in the foam samples.
Chlorinated Tris [tris(2,3-dichloropropyl phosphate] is mutagenic but is currently being used as a replacement for PentaBDE in polyurethane foam products (Rust and Kissinger 2,3-dichloropropyl phosphate
PentaBDE in handwipes predicted pentaBDE levels in serum (p = 0.03): Serum concentrations in the highest handwipe tertile were on average 3.5 times the lowest handwipe tertile.
Similar(39)
Second, pentaBDE concentrations may be decreasing over time based on the phasing out of pentaBDEs in furniture sold beginning in 2005 [ 27].
The levels of pentaBDEs in all of these sampling media are therefore likely to show associations with body burden, although refinement of sampling methods may improve associations.
The U.S. production phase-out of commercial pentabromodiphenyl ethers (pentaBDEs) in 2004 led to an increased demand for alternatives such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and a commercial mixture known as Firemaster® 550 (FM550).
Numerous studies have since documented widespread contamination of the PBDE congeners found in the PentaBDE mixture in both humans and wildlife.
This mixture was used primarily in polyurethane foam found in furniture, and most of the pentaBDE used in furniture was manufactured in the United States and Canada (Hale et al. 2003).
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