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SIFs decrease with decreasing lack of penetration size and that having a convex weld shape yields better fracture response.
Plug-welded material with a hole diameter of 7 mm had low tensile shear strength bearing capacity due to low penetration size.
Penetration size factor decreased rapidly due to keyhole formation for line energy input in the range of 15 20 kJ/m.
For out-of-plane gusset joints, the effective notch stresses along the weld root line depend significantly on weld size and weld penetration size.
The enhancement in tensile shearing load bearing capacity of weldment with increasing hole diameter was primarily attributed to the enlargement of penetration size including the depth and diameter of penetration.
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It was shown that highly localized strains may develop at the tip of these defects, depending on their type (lack of fusion and lack of penetration) and size.
To understand why curvature introduces a minimal effect on penetration hole size we extend a flat plate penetration hole diameter relationship (De Chant (2004a) Unpublished manuscript; De Chant (2004b) Mechanics of Materials, in press) to include the effect of body curvature.
The particle filtration efficiency was increased to 33.3% in the most penetration particle size zone (100 nm) and the antiviral efficiency of the CNT filter was 92% when the coating areal density was 1.5 × 109 #/cm2.
Chung et al. [8] analyzed the effects of lack-of-penetration crack size, weld leg size, and main plate thickness on mixed-mode stress intensity factors of load-carrying fillet welded cruciform joints using the finite element method and the least-squares method, and the general formulae of modes I and II stress intensity factors obtained from numerical results were verified by experimental results.
It has been noted that the discrepancy between potency-required molecular weight and CNS penetration-required size [ 34, 35] poses another challenge.
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