Even in mechanized industries, managerial hierarchies were weakly elaborated, and there was a considerable dependence on worker skill and authority as well as a limited penetration of technology.
However, with a few exceptions, they have agreed not to contest the same seats, paving the way for more two-way fights with the BN.The increased penetration of technology has also added a new dimension to these elections, as it has allowed the opposition to communicate with Malaysians in spite of the government's stranglehold on major media channels.
With the penetration of technology, more and more labor-intensive work is shifted to computers or machines.
Healthcare reform, changing demographics and the penetration of technology (e.g. electronic medical records, fitness Apps) have rocked the healthcare industry - for companies and for consumers.
Energy demand reductions are calculated against the energy demand for the baseline scenario in 2030 Technological Increases the penetration of some technologies (those with the largest potential for improvement, according to the experts), but not for others, which become less competitive because of an also assumed decrease in natural gas prices.
Mitigating solar and wind power variability and its direct effect on local grid stability are already a substantial technological bottleneck for increasing market penetration of these technologies.
In any event, according to the researchers, the shallower penetration of new technologies in the third world explains of their economic lag: "changes in the pattern of technology diffusion account for 80 percent of the Great Income Divergence between rich and poor countries since 1820".
Energy policies promoting the penetration of these technologies must view the role of energy in society as a system, composed of several energy resources, conversion technologies and energy demand sectors.
With the deeper penetration of ICT technologies, this trend appears to be more salient.
Under a carbon price scenario, the carbon price drives the penetration of these technologies.
