The initial 99mTc aerosol distribution was compared to this 81mKr ventilation distribution by calculating a penetration index (PI), which reflects how far the radioaerosol had penetrated into the lungs, thereby indicating how far the radioaerosol had to move before being cleared from the airways.
The penetration index increases remarkably with increasing bioasphalt content, indicting a temperature susceptibility improving effect of the bioasphalt.
Addition of RPPW reduced penetration, increased softening point and penetration index of both base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt.
Conversely, the softening point, penetration index (PI) and viscosity, decrease after 5 wt% and reaches a minimum at 10 wt%.
The use of the DCP for compaction verification starts with the establishment of a correlation between the Dynamic Cone Penetration Index (DPI) and the relative level of compaction.
Those indices calculated using ratios of all returns produced the strongest correlations, such as the Above and Below Ratio Index (ABRI) and Laser Penetration Index 1 (LPI1).
The samples were analyzed by penetration index, softening point, rotational viscosity, Performance Grade (PG), Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) and frequency sweep tests.
However, the use of RMR in providing a precise predictive model of TBM field penetration index (FPI) is very limited due to the nature of the ratings (weights) assigned to the input parameters and their influence on the FPI.
One of the models is based on the chain saw penetration index, and uses the uniaxial compressive strength of the stone, weight of the chain saw machine and useful cutting depth of the arm as predictor parameters.
Dry and saturated unit weights, water absorption by weight, effective porosity, capillary water absorption, slake durability index, P-wave velocity, point load index, uniaxial compressive strength and nail penetration index of the samples were determined.
The results show that the variability of the fundamental properties (i.e. rheological, thermodynamic, and chemical) among specimens is substantially higher than that of traditional asphalt-tests indexes (i.e. penetration, softening point, and penetration index).
