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Energy consumption of penetration cutting.
(1) Energy consumption of penetration cutting .
Indentation tests, full-scale linear cutting tests, and analysis of actual cutting by disc cutters showed that the cutting process can be categorized as comprising penetration cutting, full-scale linear cutting, and side-slip cutting.
Energy consumption of penetration cutting is the work accomplished by the thrust for a certain length of excavation.
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The faster penetration of the cutting tool through the work-piece due to the increase of the feed rate increases the hole deflections and vibrations in the cutting tool causing higher circularity errors.
Measures of cutting edge penetration are discussed including the limitations of equivalent chip thickness.
The shape and dimensions of cutting edge penetration depth have implications for forces, temperatures, wheel wear, power and surface roughness.
The density of the active cutting edges in the wheel surface is shown to depend strongly on cutting edge penetration depth.
The simulations show that the inter-tube bridging enhances the pullout energies significantly due to the three energy dissipative micro-mechanisms: stress-induced tube deformation with localized auxetic effect, "cutting through" (penetration) between linker and matrix, and the accompanying tube pullout.
The penetration depth of the cutting needle in the lesion and thus the length of the biopsy cylinder could be varied.
Subordinate risk factors could include an acute angle of the needle to the tumor surface, frequency of biopsy samples, penetration depth of the cutting needle, and basal position of the lesion.
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