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Numerical simulation utilizing ANSYS/LS_DYNA was carried out with the same penetration condition.
Besides, the strain rate effect of materials and asymmetric face-sheets contribute to enhance the perforation resistance of layered-gradient sandwich targets only for the low-velocity penetration condition.
And for the second part, the expansion of ring outer diameter, the rolling force and rolling temperature, the form error occurrence together with the gripping and penetration condition are included to generate the feeding interval.
The search algorithm must track the segment being closest to the point X with positive penetration condition.
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The model proposed is applicable for thick monolithic ceramic targets under steady-state penetration conditions, and not for layered targets.
Other limitations of TCS, such as the ultrasound penetration of the temporal skull, are less relevant because most patients with MS belong to an age group with usually good penetration conditions.
Theoretically, the non-penetration condition on the contact surface requires an infinitely large penalty.
In deriving the governing equation the non-penetration condition is imposed by employing the method of Lagrange multipliers.
The results show the surface non-penetration condition to be satisfied in the limit of vanishing cell size and the method to be second-order accurate in space.
Furthermore, the non-penetration condition is numerically satisfied by imposing the constraint at only the velocity level to guarantee energy-momentum conservation [1].
We present a symplectic integrator for mechanical systems with holonomic (bilateral) and unilateral contact constraints, the latter being in the form of a non-penetration condition.
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