where η i means the penalty factor.
Penalty factor increases with the consecutive negative behavior.
Likewise, the term Ψ ν is a priority penalty factor for user ν.
is the number of dimensions and is the penalty factor to compensate for small sample sizes.
The roles are modeled as different costs and the penalty factor in the objective function.
Penalty factor was applied to the solutions that violate any of the constraints [10].
Each base classifier uses its own penalty factor and kernel function parameters.
(b) Re-rating: after applying the penalty factor, each answer is again compared to the reference.
Thus, a penalty factor is introduced to modify the constraints of the second stage SVM.
A two-stage SVM model based on clustering analysis and penalty factor adjustment is established.
The second one is screening out outliers from the training sample set by assigning a special value to the penalty factor, and training out the optimal penalty factor from the remained training sample set without outliers.
