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Greater consistency between sensitivity and specificity was found when false negatives and false positives were penalized equally.
In Bayes A and Bayes Cπ, the shrinkage of effects is marker specific, while in BLUP all markers are penalized equally.
One penalized equally a false negative and a false positive, and the other penalized a false negative twice as much as a false positive.
In the special case in which false positives and false negatives are penalized equally, which corresponds to allowing k to be 1 in the above formulas, the Bayes Rule reduces to: E [(θ - β thresh ) (I (θ > β thresh )] - I (θ < β thresh ))] > 0 As with generalized 1-0 loss and generalized absolute error loss, this decision rule can be computed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
Similar(55)
It can be seen that the penalty on outliers is increasing with p. Indeed, as p→0 the penalty of the corresponding cost function on non-zero values approaches l0-norm cost function (where any non-zero value is equally penalized and there is no penalization of larger values).
Thus, with k = 1, false positives and false negatives are equally penalized, with k = 2, false negatives are penalized twice as heavily as false positives, and with k = 0.5, false positives are penalized twice as heavily as false negatives.
Consequently, a model where all base mismatches are equally penalized is oversimplified, and ignores possibly precious information about the context of the substitution.
When false positives and false negatives were equally penalized (k = 1 in the associated loss function), then three hospitals (hospitals A, B, and C) were classified as having unacceptably high mortality, regardless of whether 1-0 loss, absolute error loss, or squared error loss was employed.
The 3D smoothing technique utilizes 3D discrete cosine transform-based penalized least square regression (DCT-PLS) on equally spaced high-dimension data.
Then, the transmit powers are almost not penalized and the errors at all receivers are considered equally important.
For our capitalist system to work properly, it is important that successful risk taking be rewarded and equally important that unsuccessful risk taking be penalized.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com