The word "penalise" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to describe punishing someone with a penalty, for example: "The town council penalised the factory for exceeding its emissions limit."
The amounts would need to be proportionate – we mustn't penalise legitimate visa applicants who will struggle to get hold of the money.
I am not talking about alcoholics – you wouldn't penalise people for addictions – but a doctor could easily make the distinction.
For these clear advantages, and outside help, we do not penalise an applicant; yet for the lack of advantage we frequently do.
Some campaigners have said that it will penalise women.
"The proposals to test and ban foreign trans employees from the Gulf Co-operation countries will include Qatar and will penalise World Cup construction and hospitality staff from overseas who are trans," he said.
Implementing institutions that force compliance and penalise violators need to be established, such as a global court to prosecute social, economic and environmental crimes perpetrated by governments, corporations and individuals.
More than 45m cubic metres of sea floor is to be dredged in the World Heritage Area to accommodate the boom in shipping, with the government warning that it will penalise mining companies that dump accumulated waste on the corals.
The arts minister has written to the Australia Council, which distributes arts funding on behalf of the federal government, and asked them to develop a policy to penalise arts organisations that refuse funding from corporate sponsors on "unreasonable grounds".
And people like me - who know that the "choice agenda" will usually penalise already disadvantaged families - can welcome this particular mixture of private and public provision in the knowledge that, unlike some of the schemes for grafting the market on to the social services, it will provide real help for the old and the sick who now struggle to make appointments at inner-city surgeries.
Ahead of Mr Xi's visit, China also dropped its threats to penalise imports of wine and polysilicon (used to make solar panels); and the EU dropped charges of alleged dumping by Chinese makers of telecoms equipment (though not an inquiry into alleged illegal subsidies).
The ruling has prompted indignation as well mockery, exposing deep cultural differences over child-rearing.As a signatory of the European Social Charter, France has to ensure that "domestic law must prohibit and penalise all forms of violence against children".
