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Assuming this balance, standard peer review needs no checks for the possibility of errors in the claims made by the reviewers' reports, and controls only for individual variation (by comparing two or more reports) rather than for possible field-bias (in which most reviewers from a given field may be less amenable to evidence from other fields outside their expertise).
"The instinct here is that peer review needs to be shaken up".
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Post-publication peer review needn't replace traditional peer review.
It is possible that the definitions of "publication" and "peer-review" need not be just stretched but changed or even rejected.
Although NIH does not explain the rationale for the conversion of their scores to 3 significant figures, with 80,000 applications per year it seems likely that the NIH peer review system needs that level of precision to facilitate their making choices close to the funding line.
Until better studies are conducted, peer review may need to undergo more, well, peer review.
A "basket of metrics" alongside other evaluation methods such as peer review are needed.
They felt that the imprimatur of peer review was needed to help junior researchers identify competent science.
This is the specific national context in which both The Metric Tide report and the Stern review, as discussed in the introduction, convincingly conclude that peer review is needed.
Strong regulation and peer review are needed, particularly in nations new to nuclear power and weapons.
While the benefits of the peer-review process to undergraduates can be inferred from studies in the classroom, actual tests of the benefits of professional peer review are needed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com