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Adolescents in particular have been found to be strongly influenced by peer behaviours and norms [ 38, 39].
Unfortunately, our work lacked information about parent and adolescent peer behaviours, which are known to be important risk factors for smoking.
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The authors attributed this to "perceived peer behaviour".
One existing study suggests that this is not the case; criminal justice students were more strongly affected by peer behaviour compared with non-criminal justice students (Tibbetts 1998).
However, among 1,159 students surveyed in nine undergraduate universities in the UK, peer disapproval (−0.062) and fraternity/sorority membership (0.070) were correlated much more strongly with cheating than peer behaviour (0.029) (McCabe & Treviño 1997, p. 389).
Opportunity theory can explain the inconsistent nature of deviant behaviour over time in a way that appeals to factors such as understanding/accepting academic integrity policy, existence of honour codes, and perceptions of peer behaviour cannot (McCabe & Trevino, 1993).
One speculative explanation for this may be that criminal justice and policing students are not influenced by peer behaviour to the same extent as students in other disciplines but this requires further research.
Thus, exposure to peer behaviour may instil a belief system condoning the use of dishonest behaviour in academic settings (e.g. Akers 1998), suggesting that the influence of peer involvement may be indirectly linked to behaviour through the mediating effect of attitudes.
First, perceptions of peer engagement in academic dishonesty was not found to be predictive of student behaviour in the current study, despite the research literature frequently reporting peer behaviour as one of the main predictors of academic dishonesty (Brimble and Stevenson-Clarke 2005; McCabe and Trevino 1997; Tibbetts 1998).
Given the influence of peer behaviour and disapproval, it is not surprising that, among 6,000 students surveyed at 31 universities, 66% of those "at non-[honour]-code schools reported one or more transgressions on written work compared to 42% of … [those] at code schools" (McCabe & Treviño, 1996).
that HbP testing is influenced by peer behaviour.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com