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In addition, the simulation results indicate that, at least for the cases studied here, the increase of wind speed in passages is only pronounced at the pedestrian level and that the flow rate through the passage is at most only 8% higher than the free-field flow rate, indicating that the so-called Venturi-effect is rather weak.
From the viewpoint of crowd behavior, relations between crowd density and pedestrian speed and between crowd density and the crowd flow rate are established, and crowd movement along evacuation paths is analyzed.
The velocity, density, flow rate and time headway between successive pedestrians entering the bottleneck are calculated, and the relations between them are obtained from the trajectories.
Flow was observed by counting the number of pedestrians crossing the mid-section of trap in 30-s time interval and converted into flow rate.
Anisotropic Challenges in Pedestrian Flow Modeling.
Analyzing pedestrian flow characteristics and the interaction mechanism among pedestrians or between pedestrians and environment, we proposed a pedestrian flow simulation model based on the multi-agent technology.
This study proposes a microscopic pedestrian simulation model for evaluating pedestrian flow.
We propose a novel approach to pedestrian flow characterization.
These included lanes of uniform walking directions, oscillations of the pedestrian flow at bottlenecks, and "stripes" of intersecting flows.
(ii Gas volumetric flow rate.
It slows down the flow rate.
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