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Exact(14)
In the optimization process, the peak force is taken as an objective, while specific energy absorption (SEA) as a constraint.
The underlying cause for a drop in beam vertical resisting force following the peak force is identified and explained.
A multi-objective crashworthiness optimization formulation including maximum energy absorption, maximum specific energy absorption and minimum initial peak force is constructed based on the ideal point method (IPM).
Thus, the peak force is primarily attributed to fluid compression, rather than the flow resistance ("valving") associated with the fluid passing through the MR valve.
Finally, it is found that tsunami peak force is better correlated to IDR than flow velocity and inundation depth for the considered structure.
Based on the experimental results, a fitting formula of the peak force is proposed, which is then used to normalize the time-history of the raindrop impinging force.
Similar(46)
The average peak force was nearly four times the body weight, but landing on all fours reduced the stress on any one limb.
The impact block was raised when the peak force was reached.
Four hypocotyls were punched and the mean peak force was calculated in Newton.
Per limb, start and end point, and peak maximum, representing peak force, were automatically determined in the resultant forces from the Fhor and Fvert vectors (Fig. 3).
Finally, multi-objective optimization for different FGT are carried out, while specified energy absorption and peak force are selected as objective functions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com