Toe-out was associated with decreased knee abduction angle (IC, peak), knee external rotation angle (IC), and ankle dorsiflexion (peak) (Table 2).
We thought shoulders with lax inferior glenohumeral complex should be more raised to show the peak in external rotation.
The fact that both their static studies and our active studies showed the same pattern indicates that the peak in external rotation is induced by tension in the capsule, not by active force.
Although no significant differences were observed in peak flexion or external rotation angles, there was a tendency for the peak valgus angle to be smaller during FFS cutting than during RFS cutting (p = 0.06).
Waves of type B showed no peak of external rotation.
Also, because, according to Kwon et al. (2015) in healthy individuals, the external rotation peak of the knee joint, as well as plantar flexion peaks of the ankle joint, increases with an increase of gait speed while walking down a walkway it would be interesting to correlate the results of the present study with gait speed in the three studied groups [ 42].
2-D peak tibial, peak thigh, and peak knee varus-valgus angles (degrees), and 3-D peak hip internal-external rotation, and peak knee varus-valgus angles (degrees) were calculated and used for validation of the clinical test.
To examine differences in knee joint stress between RFS and FFS cutting, we compared the two forms of cutting with respect to peak flexion, valgus, and external rotation angles.
Toe-in was associated with decreased knee external rotation moment (peak) and decreased foot pronation moment (IC, peak).
Findings indicated delayed timing of peak rearfoot eversion and increased rearfoot eversion at heel strike transient during walking; and delayed timing of peak rearfoot eversion, increased rearfoot eversion at heel strike, reduced rearfoot eversion range, greater knee external rotation at peak knee extension moment, and greater hip adduction during running in individuals with PFPS.
Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between meniscal tear presence (yes/no) and severity (grade) (independent variables) and peak external knee adduction moments and foot rotation during early and late stance (outcome variables).
