Exercise was associated with an older age of diagnosis (p = 0.002), older age at the time of ascertainment (p < 0.001), and higher baseline FEV1 (p = 0.001), but not CFTR genotype (p = 0.64) or exocrine pancreatic function (p = 0.19).
From this ascertainment, p-NTS can be considered as a non-biodegradable compound.
We acknowledged that the SNP dataset may be affected by ascertainment bias (p. 2), but we see no reason why such bias would favour high diversity in Middle Eastern over East Asian wolves since the ascertainment panel included only dogs and these were of European origin.
The ratio f 1-p)/[f 1-pf(1-p)] should not be affected by ascertainment bias because this ratio relies on knowing the derived and ancestral allele and this information is irrelevant during SNP discovery.
To avoid ascertainment bias, we have plotted f 1-p)/[f 1-pf(1-p)] against its expectation under the neutral model in figures 2A and 2B.
The observed number of events at frequencies 2, 3, and ≥4 in the population differed from the expected number of events under all three models (infinite-sites model: χ test; P = 2.09 × 10−05, df = 2; infinite sites conditional on our ascertainment scheme: χ test; P = 1.56 × 10−11, df = 2; demographic model conditional on our ascertainment scheme χ test; P = 1.54 × 10−09, df = 2).
The clinical performance measures examined included 6-month values for albumin, hemoglobin, Ca-P product, and dialysis dose and ascertainment of the type of vascular access in use at 6 months.
We found a preponderance of female patients compared with males (54 females versus 30 males, P = 0.01), which probably relates to ascertainment bias.
*Possible categories: yes, partially, no, not applicable ** Ascertainment according to AHFMR 2004 (p. 20) = ((number "yes" * 2) + (number "partially" * 1))/20 * Possible categories: yes, partially, no, not applicable ** Ascertainment according to AHFMR 2004 (p. 14) = ((number "yes" * 2) + (number "partially"" * 1))/(28 - (number "n.a".
So neutrality predicts that the proportion of these alleles where the ancestral allele is p is f 1-p)/[f 1-pf(1-p)], which is equal to p. Assuming that the polymorphism discovery method cannot distinguish ancestral and derived alleles, this expectation for different p intervals is not affected by the ascertainment bias.
