Social learning proved advantageous because individuals frequently demonstrated the highest-payoff behavior in their repertoire, inadvertently filtering information for copiers.
They are closer to own payoff-maximizing behavior in the neutral framing than in the medical setting.
By looking at the payoff for a behavior, we can better understand how to change it.
Finally, political economy mechanisms (see Krueger 1974, Signorini and Visco 2002, and Besley 2004) suggest that transferring resources to disadvantaged areas could itself be harmful because it might enhance rent-seeking and increase the payoff for deviant behaviors (such as corruption).
This phenomenon perfectly fits to the language of evolutionary game theory, in which behaviors adopted by individuals correspond to strategies played in a suitable game, with certain expected payoffs: the altered behavior takes the advantage of reducing the risk of infection, but it is more costly (e.g., because individuals have to limit their activities).
On average, after each change of payoff ratio, the monkeys' behavior converged in about 3 to 6 trials to a new steady state choice ratio.
One possible explanation is that asymmetric payoffs and non-cooperative behavior might be a necessary condition for high growth, emerging market economies.
Your Strategy: Identify the payoffs that drive your behavior and that of others.
If you're the listener, you must first look at what benefit you believe you get from doing it: there is always a payoff from our habitual behaviors.
The way agents update their payoff, in accordance with their behavior (i.e., strategy), is described in the following payoff matrix: begin{array}{*{20}l} C D end{array} mathop {left( {begin{array}{*{20}l} 1 & s T & 0 end{array} } right)}limits_^{{begin{array}{*{20}l} C & D end{array} }} (1)The set of strategies is (Sigma = left{ C,Dright}, ) where C stands for 'Cooperator' and D for 'Defector'.
