Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(16)
While Germany runs a balance of payment surplus of 7% of gross domestic product and the Netherlands even of 10%, Britain runs a deficit of 4%.
The payment surplus is thus 16.88 TEUR.
We solve this optimization problem by obtaining the derivatives of the function of the total additional payment surplus.
Here, the variation of s by ±10%% results in a 49%% (−40 %) increase (decrease) of the total additional payment surplus.
We can see that the relative change in the total additional payment surplus is quite substantial (+117 % and −69%%).
Here, increased (decreased) savings or increased (decreased) cash inflows lead to an increased (decreased) total additional payment surplus.
Similar(44)
By contrast, the 15 member countries of the European Union and Japan will continue running substantial payment surpluses with exports far in excess of imports.
These included the volatility of floating exchange rates, the inflexibility of fixed exchange rates, and reliance on an adjustment mechanism for countries with payment surpluses or deficits; these problems were often resolved by recession and deflation in deficit countries coupled with expansion and inflation in surplus countries.
Third, Russia has a balance-of-payments surplus.
In 2010, Germany ran a $185bn current balance of payments surplus – 5.6% of gross domestic product.
The reverse process was used to correct a balance of payments surplus.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com