Sentence examples for pavement damage from inspiring English sources

Besides the damage caused by static loads, dynamic loads may lead to additional pavement damage.

Estimation of pavement damage caused by dynamic loads varies anywhere from 20%to400%[14] [14].

Freeze thaw cycles in pavement foundation layers can cause rapid accumulation of pavement damage.

As a matter of fact, pavement damage is directly resulting from a long-term effect of dynamic traffic loading.

Open image in new window Fig. 2 Venn diagram representing the trend for states with no limit and pavement damage.

Cracking is one of the main reasons for asphalt pavement damage.

Expansion joint failure is one of important causes to cause concrete pavement damages.

Because many months had passed since the Gorkha earthquake, it was difficult to directly trace surface deformation (e.g., cracks on the ground) because pavement damaged by the earthquake-induced cracks had been repaired.

Since dynamic effects have been increasingly important in the prediction of pavement response, damage, and performance [14, 16, 18], it has become necessary to develop better mathematical models to account the effects of motion and fluctuation of contact forces caused by various types of vehicle suspensions [73].

One of the solutions adopted in developed countries is a mixture with discontinuous graduation of type SMA (stone matrix asphalt), which requires a higher content of protecting the asphalt pavement of damage by forming a thicker film around the aggregate, which holds up oxidation, dampness penetration and cracking and separation of aggregates.

Historically, pavement and structural damage from hazards were tested in the field.