The following paragraphs analyze the substitutions patterns (substitutions to) of polar, aliphatic, charged and aromatic amino acids in respect to the three cosolvents.
The data embedding operation is performed based on pattern substitution.
Then we embed into stego image using the proposed pattern substitution scheme again.
where (7). Figure 4 Bad human visual effects caused by pattern substitution during the data embedding process.
The proposed method of reversible halftone data hiding technique uses pattern substitution method to embed and extract data into halftone images.
We can embed three secret data bits (e.g., 011) into the following image block with the proposed pattern substitution method.
Figure 3 The embedding and extracting diagram and an example for the proposed method: (a) the embedding and extracting diagram of proposed method, (b) an example to illustrate the process of data embedding using pattern substitution.
To robustly determine the placement of fossil constraints for subsequent divergence time estimation, an initial phylogeny was constructed using a Bayesian model which accommodated both pattern (substitution model) heterogeneity and heterotachy [31], [32].
Given the set of expected recent substitutions, the association between patterns of substitution and substitution density (BDS) was quantified.
However, the polymorphisms generating this diversity do not demonstrate neutral patterns of substitution.
