Researchers have found a possible reason why: Bats cultivate a unique pattern of turbulence behind their wings.
A review is made of the diffraction theory of the trailing edge noise generated by a flat-plate airfoil of zero-thickness and non-compact chord, according to which the sound is attributed to the scattering of a "frozen" pattern of turbulence wall pressure swept over the edge in the mean flow.
Immediately behind the leeward side of the object, the air is often still, while wave-like patterns are created in the area of turbulence – as seen around the islands of Tenerife (west), Grand Canaria, and Fuerteventura (east) in the image.
Both the flow characteristics and tracer-gas concentration distributions are analyzed and logically argued to elucidate the influences of the flow patterns and turbulence properties on the mixing capability.
"Several other studies have produced the same, consistent pattern of a considerable rise in incidents of turbulence – even after adjusting for the aviation industry's growth," added Williams.
These transport features are likely governed by near-surface turbulent structures in the wind, necessitating detailed measurements of turbulence dynamics in association with sediment transport patterns.
For rectangular jets a variety of wave patterns have been observed owing to competing effects of turbulence, surface tension and boundary layer formation in nozzles.
chaotic contexts, the domain of rapid response, in which the search for right answers does not make sense, the relations between cause and effect are impossible to determine because they constantly change and there are no manageable patterns, only turbulence, in the realm of the unknowable (Snowden & Boone, 2007, page 3).
This renders the need for considerations concerning three-dimensional flow, the degree of turbulence and the type of flow pattern.
