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Devising representations for structuring data and patterns of observations; and 5.
Andrich (1988) argued that "ability is a latent trait, whereas performances are the observable manifestations of ability … in making observations that reflect properties, the actual properties are abstractions based on the patterns of observations" (p. 14).
Deciding what and how to measure, observe, and sample; Developing or selecting procedures/tools to measure and collect data; Documenting and systematically recording results and observations; Devising representations for structuring data and patterns of observations; and.
It is understood that formation of the basic oxide tetrahedron, and consequently, the four discrete stages of bond forming kinetics and the oxygen-derived DOS features, are intrinsically common for all the analyzed systems though the patterns of observations may vary from situation to situation.
This indicates that there are few unexpected patterns of observations in the sample.
Yet, as very rare observations will hardly contribute to the power (5 of the 900,000 cases in the present example), one can just as well adopt a smaller sample size, and accept the fact that some groups (i.e., patterns of observations) will not be represented, and calculate power given the most likely patterns of observations.
Similar(52)
Grierson said, "Much of this entertainment is the folk stuff . . . of our technological time; the patterns of observation, of humor, of fancy, which make a technological society a human society".
Applied (phalita) sciences like alchemy and medicine did diverge from philosophy, but there too the influence of fundamental philosophical concepts like accredited means of knowledge, causality, adṛṣṭa, etc., was conspicuous on patterns of observation and experimental design.
An HMM derived from this second training set was then used to standardise 50,000 randomly chosen DC records, and records with unusual patterns of observation symbols (with a frequency of six or less) were examined, corrected and added to the training set if the results produced by the second-stage HMM were incorrect.
We argued that this approach provided more efficient estimators than cross-sectional designs, given the same number and pattern of observations, and allowed exclusion of between-subject variation from model error.
The differential pattern of observation reported for the mothers versus independent observers for the behaviour of known versus unknown children suggests that mothers are indeed more accurate observers of their own children's behaviour than independent observers.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com