Therefore, the simple survival models appear to provide a prompt but still fairly realistic way to illustrate, analyze and predict the observed patterns of metamorphoses in continuous time.
In the comparison with empirical data on the timing of metamorphoses of common frog, the parametric survival model was able to describe the pattern of metamorphoses rather well (Fig. 2), and Cox's regression model showed its capability in detecting relative roles of temperature and food in the timing of metamorphoses (Table 2).
Recently, Ranz and collaborators found that mir-310/mir-313 microRNAshowow male biased expression pattern at the onset of metamorphosis (Yeh et al. 2014).
To identify genetic mechanisms that control epithelial differentiation, we analyzed the temporal patterns of gene expression during metamorphosis of the Drosophila wing.
Additionally, we examined the developmental patterns of miRNA expression during metamorphosis of the body wall, silk glands, midgut and fat body.
Non-transgenic homozygous gpr124 mutants are first distinguishable from wild-type siblings by their reduced growth rate and eventually by the disrupted pigmentation patterns of their skin after metamorphosis (after 14 dpf).
Further molecular-genetic analyses of genes identified here will provide insight into their functional roles during development and how tissues that display little sexual dimorphism at the start of metamorphosis undergo patterning and morphogenesis to result in highly dimorphic adult structures.
A study conducted by Rifkin et al. [ 53] found that approximately 17% of genes surveyed (2,193/12,866) had significant differences between species in the degree to which genes in expression pattern changed during the onset of metamorphosis in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba.
Similar to the overall pattern of time to metamorphosis, final larval sizes at metamorphosis only differed significantly between water level regimes (P<0.0005; Figure 3; Table 3), with a LS mean SVL of 3.1 cm in the reducing water volume treatments and 3.4 cm in the constant water volume treatments.
By comparison, MT3-MMP and TIMP-3 do not share similar RNA patterns during intestine metamorphosis, tail metamorphosis, nor in response to T3.
