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We know the local context, the patterns of deprivation, the things that work and, crucially, those that don't.
In some of our inner-city secondary schools where there are prevailing patterns of deprivation they become just another disadvantage to be overcome by children whose lives are full of them.
This study, detailed in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, looked at patterns of alcohol-related mortality in the three cities, which all have similar patterns of deprivation, poor health and industrialisation.
Figure 2 shows the spatial patterns of deprivation and mortality in the 1900s.
However, the more general phenomenon of takeaway food outlets co-locating in deprived areas has been described previously as a 'concentration' effect (Macdonald et al., 2007), while enduring neighbourhood characteristics, particularly with respect to patterns of deprivation, have also been recognised (Sampson, 2012).
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In contrast to London, the pattern of deprivation in the rest of England remains largely unchanged.
This said, the spatial patterning of deprivation across Norfolk in 1991 and 2001 do appear visually similar (Supplementary Fig. 1).
We also carried out sensitivity analyses to compare the pattern of deprivation with outcome of pregnancy for all 13 580 registered cases of anomaly.
We examined our data for any changing pattern of deprivation in the three main types of skin cancer in Scotland over a 27-year period.
To prevent unnecessary discomfort to the animals and to follow a uniform pattern of deprivation in this study also we used 6 days of REMSD paradigm.
Deprivation was measured at PCT level and this may not reflect the pattern of deprivation in PCTs, however we undertook sensitivity analyses incorporating measures of the heterogeneity in deprivation within PCTs and this showed similar results to those seen here.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com