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By comparing computer-driven simulations with empirical observations of crowd movement, Helbing and his colleagues were able to identify several patterns of collective behavior that emerged from the interactions of individuals in the crowd.
In a recent paper, "Harnessing Crowds: Mapping the Genome of Collective Intelligence," Mr. Malone and his two co-authors, Robert Laubacher, a research scientist at M.I.T., and Chrysanthos Dellarocas, a professor at the University of Maryland, use a biological analogy in calling the design patterns of collective intelligence systems "genes".
Writing on our engagement with environmental issues in G2 yesterday, George Marshall, the director of the Climate Outreach Information Network, voiced the fear that "we are locked into patterns of collective denial and have adopted a wide range of strategies to avoid accepting personal responsibility".
The network representation allows us to capture the distinct patterns of collective attention shift during disaster events.
However, there has been limited work that systematically examines the changes in the patterns of collective attention induced by exogenous events.
The evolution of the actual social co-development structures manifest themselves as patterns of collective collaboration among the people over time.
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"This is not such an unusual pattern of collective behavior: Wars and migrations are often inspired by myths and national legends," Mr. Robb writes.
A startlingly frank new report from the Communist Party's inner sanctum describes a spreading pattern of "collective protests and group incidents" arising from economic, ethnic and religious conflicts in China and says relations between party officials and the masses are "tense, with conflicts on the rise".
A systematic set of policy over the course of developing time has solidified individual effort into a pattern of collective oppression.
Since each situation is characterized by different temporal pattern of collective vigilance, it is likely that both predation pressure and perceptual capability played a crucial role in the evolution of the individual propensity to imitate conspecifics.
The circadian system seems to be of rather little relevance to the daily pattern of the collective activity in crowded crayfish groups.
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