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Of these, the previously identified color pattern "switch gene" optix was recovered as the first transcript to show color-specific differential expression.
However, little more can be inferred about HM00021's candidacy as a hindwing pattern switch gene since it shows no homology to any known gene and does not contain recognisable protein motifs.
Consistent with its role as a red color pattern switch gene [ 27], optix was the first transcript observed to show clear red-specific differential expression in our array data (Table 2, Figure 4).
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To study the evolution of the candidate wing-pattern switch genes, we inferred the phylogeny of engrailed and invected coding sequences across the genus Papilio.
The use of a color pattern 'toolbox' of switch genes shared between multiple species has been suggested as a means by which similar, homoplasious colour patterns spread throughout the H. melpomene – silvaniform clade of the genus Heliconius [ 24, 41].
Pdx1 is one such master switch gene.
However, linkage mapping has shown that none of these genes are linked to the switch genes that control pattern divergence in Heliconius [ 35, 36], so there is currently no evidence that they are involved in pattern evolution.
Genetic changes at these switch genes among different colour pattern races are likely to involve cis-regulatory or coding sequence changes, changes to post-transcriptional control or a combination of these.
Trying to switch genes on and off is even more difficult, and such switches tend to weaken over time.
If the pattern switches, switch.
Crochet the rest of your pattern, switching between colors as your pattern dictates.
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