The four varieties each exhibited a different pattern of tolerance and reactivity, ranging from B73, which was tolerant in all four measures, to TS1, which was affected in DNA damage levels and leaf rolling but unaffected in biomass accumulation and fluctuating leaf asymmetry.
Thus, the qualitative pattern of tolerance observed in this experimental study agrees with the natural pattern of tolerance to defoliation found in D. stramonium (e.g. Valverde et al. 2001, Fornoni et al. 2003).
Next, we tested the potential role of GA in the evolution of pesticide tolerance by assessing whether patterns of tolerance were consistent with theoretical predictions.
However, these additional factors would be expected to add variation to our data and potentially obscure spatial patterns of tolerance across the 15 populations.
Kai et al [ 22] engaged 9 focus groups consisting of 55 medical learners, including undergraduate students in a UK medical school and a group of postgraduate general practitioners in training to examine patterns of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.
First, we investigated the evidence for evolved tolerance to carbaryl and discovered that population-level patterns of tolerance were consistent with evolutionary responses to pesticides; wood frog populations living closer to agriculture were more tolerant than populations living far from agriculture.
This suggests that while the evolutionary pattern of salt tolerance varies across angiosperm families, it seems that salt tolerance can evolve frequently in many different genetic backgrounds.
Alternatively, such departures from the general pattern of higher tolerance in invasives highlight the importance of broadening the phylogenetic scope of physiological tolerance studies of invasion success.
Specifically, we aimed to test whether any of these families showed the same evolutionary pattern of salt tolerance as the grass family, having (1) many shallow inferred origins of salt tolerance, near the tips of the phylogeny, which gave rise to small clades of halophytes, and (2) origins that were spread across the phylogeny, occurring in many different lineages [ 8].
The pattern of salt tolerance evolution inferred in the Poaceae is interesting because it suggests that, at least in the grasses, salt tolerance has evolved repeatedly in a range of lineages, despite the complexity of salt tolerance adaptations.
Is the confusion over the nature of cheating a natural consequence of moral delinquency, or does it reveal a persistent pattern of unofficial tolerance and undergraduate ambiguity in regard to cheating?
