But "deer" didn't have the majesty of "elk".
There, she built a strong portfolio of beautiful, insightful work that includes maps about the melting of Antarctica, the history of London told through artifacts discovered underground during excavation and the migration patterns of elk in Yellowstone.
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a spatially-explicit, stochastic, individual-based model (IBM) to evaluate potential movement and distribution patterns of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in relation to spatial and temporal aspects of the Cerro Grande Fire that burned north central New Mexico in May of 2000.
Standard logisitic regression was used to analyze habitat-use patterns of ten elk from data collected using global positioning system radio collars while an additional five animals were used as an independent test set during model validation.
As human activity increased (i.e., across individual elk calving season areas, or through time), elk showed stronger avoidance of the industrial development footprint during the day but not at night; this spatiotemporal pattern of avoidance revealed that elk continued to use physically disturbed areas but modified their behavior to avoid human activity (Figure 7a).
The spatial localization of P-Elk protein seemed to be excluded from the myogenic cells, when comparing it to the expression pattern of FoxC, suggesting that P-Elk is probably not the candidate effector of MAPK involved in myoblast specification.
We quantified winter movement patterns of a non‐migratory elk herd in the Madison headwaters prior to the reintroduction of wolves, when animals were constrained only by nutritional restrictions, and following wolf colonization and establishment, when elk experienced significant wolf predation.
Age of elk was estimated based on dental eruption and wear patterns [26].
At the population-level parturient elk, while avoiding roads and selecting for security cover more strongly than other elk, conformed to a general pattern of avoiding human activity during the day by occupying upland forest or Q. gambelii thickets, and selecting forage resources in valley bottoms at night regardless of proximity to infrastructure.
Wandering families of elk.
