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The five panels are complementary in the sense that they are indicating a duality of evolutionary processes at different times during the phyllostomid radiation, and that shape and size did not have a correlated pattern of disparity through time.
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The results of our analysis illustrate a very clear pattern of disparities between richer and poorer people during this post-monsoon period.
Therefore, the pattern of disparities in health among women and men may have also been modified in concert with these social changes.[ 6, 24- 26] This is well outlined in the chapter of this Report that discusses the social context of women's health[ 75].
Over the past decades, women's increased labour force participation and changing family structure, among other changes in the socio-economic environment, have altered social roles considerably and lead one to expect that the pattern of disparities in health among women and men will also have changed.
Two patterns of disparity were observed.
Our results suggest that neutral (BM) evolution (4) alone is not adequate to explain the variety of among-niche patterns of disparity we observe.
They should give further insights into the roles of external and internal constraints shaping the levels and patterns of disparity over ontogeny.
We combine ecomorphological correlations, patterns of disparity through time and a model-based comparative analysis to test evolutionary mechanisms and scenarios during the radiation of phyllostomid bats.
Two broad categories of factors have been suggested for explaining these ontogenetic patterns of disparity [ 20]: the external or "ecological" constraints such as the availability of ecological space [ 21, 22], and the internal constraints such as developmental, genetic or functional constraints [ 18, 23, 24].
This pattern of size disparity is clearly not associated with the mandibular shape disparity and dietary disparity.
Furthermore, the GWR approach has the potential to uncover patterns of disparities at a more localized level.
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