It is rare, but we have already encountered one example of it, in the line from a Campion song quoted in the first chapter of this book: Followe thy faire sunne, unhappy shaddowe: It is far from clear, in fact it is a mystery, why this simple metrical pattern has proved so unhandy.
Identifying the specific ecological mechanisms behind nested patterns has proven challenging [51].
Hence, investigation of RGH distribution and variation patterns has proven to be a powerful tool to estimate R-gene abundance and selection pressure.
In the age of genomics and advanced molecular techniques, knowledge of these relationships and patterns has proven useful in uncovering the developmental and genetic mechanisms responsible for morphological diversity [e.g., [ 3- 9]].
Because coevolutionary events become masked through time via host switching, extinction and duplication, finding empirical evidence for co-speciation (or co-divergence) patterns has proven difficult in many groups of organisms, including classical examples of animal parasites.
One corner, consisting of three pieces put together in a zigzag pattern, had proved especially vexing.
Genome sequencing has generated large amounts of sequence data, and the computational challenge of identifying genes, promoters, repeats and other sequence patterns has proved demanding [ 1- 3].
Scale-free habitat patterns have proven to be the most resilient to external stressors in previous studies (Kefi et al. 2011).
As with adult foraging, avian developmental patterns have proven both flexible [4], [20] and inflexible [21], [22] in response to temporal variations in food supply.
Molecular markers, such as nucleotide sequence patterns, have proven useful for elucidating modes and chains of transmission or identifying new risk groups and factors.
The A line and B line patterns have proven to be easily distinguished by a bedside clinician after relatively brief teaching [ 13, 14].
