From the optimal fit of 11 clusters (Figure S6), we observe distinct expression patterns for developmental stages or tissues (Figure 3C). Figure S7 includes all individual expression patterns for all 755 microRNAs analyzed, color-coded by cluster membership.
Indeed, genes related to JA metabolism and those related to phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolism follow a similar expression pattern for both developmental stages and for both years.
Indeed, when we visualized the expression of each transcript class in a non-clustering heatmap, we found a similar pattern of developmental regulation for both lncRNAs and mRNAs [Fig. 3B], although lncRNAs typically reached lower maximum expression levels than mRNAs [Table 2, Fig. 3C].
Especially the occurrence of an unusual furrow at the anterior periphery of the first upper molar (arrow on Fig. 1) suggests that it might correspond to the emergence of an additional cusp, a pattern of interest for developmental studies (e.g. [6], [18]).
Expression profiling based on microarrays allows generation of global gene expression patterns for any developmental stage, tissue type, or environmental factor [ 17].
Similar patterns were observed for developmental proteins, except for hominidae that show a limited gain in such proteins (data not shown).
This retention of histones may relate to the selective establishment of specific DNA methylation patterns, as observed for developmental genes critical to early embryogenesis, including imprinted genes, microRNAs, and homeobox genes [ 139].
Comparing our data with that obtained by a microarray approach to analyze expression profiles of asexual parasites and developing gametocytes of the 3D7 and NF54 strains [5], it was interesting to observe the same patterns of developmental expression for RIFINs in NF54.
However, on the protein level, distinct patterns of developmental regulation were apparent for single variants.
These temporal patterns provided a template for developmental changes in white matter across adolescence.
