In fashion, publishing, software, film, music and a dozen other creative industries (the jargon, and the frameworks of semi-official patronage), date from exactly this time), traffic flowed heavily down that two-way street.
Communism bequeathed little regard for private property or civic duty, and left big networks of patronage dating back to institutions such as the KGB.
Mr. Monti said the lack of politicians gave the cabinet independence, but it remains to be seen whether that translates into the clout needed to change the laws and customs of a postwar welfare state built on a patronage culture that dates back centuries.
The formation of the Académie Française, an early move to place cultural activity under the patronage of the state, dates from 1634.
However, it is a patronage which has more to do with the date on which the Saint is celebrated than with real devotion and protection.
Payroll registers that survive testify to the breadth of Suleiman's patronage of the arts, the earliest of documents dating from 1526 list 40 societies with over 600 members.
human resources strategies come in for particular criticism in the report, being described as "out of date" and relying "too heavily on nepotism, patronage, and exclusively male networks as recruitment pools".
In many ways, the mayor's race has pulled back the curtain on how Chinese politics is played in San Francisco, revealing the infighting, bitter rivalries — some dating back to China — and a tradition of patronage and guanxi, or strategic relationships.
Most of the Kremlin's buildings date back to the city's time as a monastic center under the patronage of czars like Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible.
The mak yong, a dance drama that probably dates back more than 1,000 years, was introduced in Kelantan under the patronage of the royal courts.
Season tickets, group arrangements, bloc tickets bought by business firms, and theatre clubs constitute the major patronage of such production companies as the People's Independent Theatre (Theater der Freien Volksbühne), dating from 1890 in Berlin.
