"I think this is pretty much a function of old patriarchal norms a perception that men bring authority, even in comedy, and that male audiences expect to see men in these roles," says Amanda Lotz, professor of communication studies at the University of Michigan and author of Redesigning Women: Television after the Network Era.
While some ex-prisoners perceived doctors as uncaring and patriarchal, positive perceptions of relationships with these providers reinforced the participants' trust and sense of belonging to what they called 'the world that don't do drugs' and motivated them to adhere to ART.
Nevertheless, in countries with a low level of development or a patriarchal model of perception of gender roles, the prevalence of IPV is greater [ 41- 45].
While adherence to strong patriarchal norms and cultural perceptions about the role of men as bread winners might hinder men's effective involvement in matters of maternal health [ 4, 5], programmes that promote male partners' involvement could be particularly useful in increasing in men an understanding of the relevance of skilled attendance at birth.
The perception that immigrants are patriarchal and insular has sparked controversies over everything from school excursions to swimming lessons to disrespect for female teachers.
Several studies have indicated a high risk of IPV against women in male-dominant, patriarchal societies where gender attitudes and perceptions support marked inequality between men and women and where rigid gender roles may lead to justification and acceptance of IPV [ 5, 16- 20].
But that may alter the audience's perceptions of the play's stated patriarchal assumptions and the prevalence of matriarchal families.
Regarding perceptions towards power relations and male patriarchal control, women who perceived that they had less power faced more sexual coercion (p < 0.001), as did women whose husbands exerted more control over their everyday life (Table 1).
Although Turkey can be considered a patriarchal society, none of the women specifically expressed a similar perception.
Particularistic hiring and patriarchal leadership create an atmosphere that obscures exploitation, changes workers' perceptions about distributive justice and fair treatment, and transforms a formal contractual relation into a premodern, feudalist dependency with certain obligations and entitlements, eventually inducing commitment and compliance from employees (Chen 2011; Tong 2005).
