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For all analyses, the basic level "site" was nested in the upper level "tooth," which itself was nested in the next upper level "patient," and patient effects on the outcome were assumed to be random.
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This model nullifies any intra-patient effects on the observations, and hence, the differences noted in the HRQOL are more likely to be real, probably dependent on the effect of treatment.
Data were extracted about the applied in- and exclusion criteria for the primary studies, search strategies, studied interventions, time frame of the searches, selected outcomes, and selected patient populations, effects on patients, effects on health care use and costs.
Eleven qualitative studies were identified, and eight themes were abstracted from the data: understanding of research, communication, perceived patient barriers, patient clinician relationship, effect on patients, effect on clinical practice, individual benefits for clinicians and methods associated with successful recruitment.
Although limited health literacy is common in hemodialysis patients, its effects on clinical outcomes are not well understood.
For migraine patients, no effects on the cortical level were examined until now.
Hence the need for further studies to be done looking at the development of complications in these patients and effect on patient's outcomes.
The notion of a 'good ART patient' can have positive effects on patient health outcomes.
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