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The degradation of these aberrant proteins typically is mediated by protein-quality control pathways that recognize misfolded domains.
For example, defects or upregulation of the specific pathways that recognize or repair specific types of DNA damage can serve as biomarkers of favorable or poor response to therapies that induce such types of DNA damage.
In Drosophila, the Toll and IMD pathways are the best-characterized pattern-recognition receptor pathways that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the surface of invading bacteria or fungi.
Yor1-ΔF-specific interaction suggests pathways that recognize the misfolded protein, whereas interaction with both the misfolded and wild-type forms of the protein could represent either proteins that generally influence ABC transporter biogenesis or genes that affect oligomycin resistance independent of Yor1 function, such as pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes or mitochondrial components.
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Johnson, E.S., Ma, P.C.M., Ota, I. & Varshavsky, A. A proteolytic pathway that recognizes ubiquitin as a degradation signal.
Johnson, E. S., Ma, P. C., Ota, I. M. & Varshavsky, A. A proteolytic pathway that recognizes ubiquitin as a degradation signal.
This would be true, for example, if both cell types had an export pathway recognizing the deacetylated lysines, but MSCs uniquely possessed an import pathway that recognizes these residues and overrides the export pathway.
The PMS2 protein is part of the MMR pathway that recognizes and repairs mismatched nucleotides on DNA (provided that a nick on the same DNA strand is already present) [ 67].
For instance, the chitin elicitor-binding protein (CEBiP) and the chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK1); both important components of the plant signaling pathway that recognizes chitin oligosaccharides, a representative general elicitor inducing defense responses in a wide range of plant cells of both monocots and dicots [ 7], were up-regulated in 'Nongke No 1' compared to 'Brazilian'.
Secreted and transmembrane proteins are generally internalized by endocytosis, delivered in the cytoplasm, and then transported to the nucleus by classical pathways involving specific proteins (importins) that recognize nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo proteins.
CD133 is a member of the pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein family; transmembrane proteins are generally internalized by endocytosis, delivered in the cytoplasm, and then transported to the nucleus by classical pathways involving specific proteins (importins) that recognize nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo proteins.
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